Othello Essays (777 words) - Othello, Iago, Brabantio,

Othello Language Undertaking: Show how Othello's language mirrors the adjustment in the mind-set between the early piece of the play (demonstration I) and act III scene III (line 334, end, and the passing scene). Introduction: Othello is the account of an African general who falls in love with a rich Venetian aristocrat's Daughter, to marry her, yet after a short while things aren't all what they appear. At the point when lieutenant Iago places his foot in it and works up connections to deteriorate general Othello out of desire. Othello loses it and thing's go downhill. Act I scene II: In this piece of the play it doesn't appear just as Othello is a man who preferences inconvenience inside his condition except if on the battleground. He gets a kick out of the chance to keep an untainted circumstance, quote Tis better for what it's worth (Othello toward the beginning of the play ) he utilizes short and basic language. Next Othello says, let him do his dislike, my administrations which I have done my signiory He is advising Brabantio to state what he needs as the chamber will never take care of me for the administrations I have accomplished for this nation. Othello realizes he's in charge, he shows this by utilizing words like Stuff, I lack,......service, Yerked, Magnifico, Give him link, and so forth. The first impressions of Othello are: YEAH, THIS GUY KNOWS, WHAT HES DOING FOR SURE, as he is a familiar speaker, great with words and profoundly certain. He shows his certainty when he talks quote My parts, my title, and my ideal soul will show me appropriately, - he is attempting to state I recognize what I am doing, and what I am doing is correct. My life upon her confidence, - Again certainty. Desdemona won't let out the slightest peep against my activities or me. He has precise control of all circumstances and discussions. We can see such a lot of watching his general code of language and his conduct when in troublesome circumstances. In his second statement he says to Brabantio that, you can say what you need, I will permit you, as I most likely is aware that I won't go to prison as I have done a lot for Venice. (Once more certainty). At the point when the board is addressing him, he figures out how to flatter his way out of it by utilizing the tone of his voice (quiet and delicate) and words like, Most reverend signiores and so on. Be that as it may, I love thee delicate Desdemona Is his next statement to the committee. His jargon is huge and he completely has control of his sentences and activities. Othello begins with his trademark noble colloquialism however because of a man, whose each articulation is misleading, who takes Othello into bogus words to change the personalities of his friends and family to be his most exceedingly awful foes, Othello savages to turn into a psycho. Othello first uses the intensity of his discourse (to demonstrate his situation), to make his picture, yet then falls to be, as it were, a mental (bogus), scoundrel, who slaughters his companions, and his just family. Iago doesn't demonstrate his resistance to Othello yet does consistently make a yes sir, yes sir, three packs full sir environment when around him. (Bogus fellowship). Othello regularly utilizes bright words in sound and in his discourse (e.g.; - Keep up your splendid blades, for the due will...shows he is additionally a incredible speaker. Othello never ventures out the fighter picture and he generally keeps exact discourse, genuineness and commitment to his activity. Indeed, even in his fall he remains a warrior Damn her, vulgar minx! Gracious damn her, damn her (multiple times), come, go with me separated, will pull back, to outfit me with some quick methods for death, for the reasonable demon, presently craftsmanship however my lieutenant. Towards the finish of the play, Othello starts to lose his incredible discourse in himself, as he isn't so sure. What Iago says about Desdemona and Cassio, he begins to accept, however at that point he is uncertain of it, he even loses it truly, where begins to have eppiliptical fits. In and around act III scene III Othello starts to lose his self-assurance, where he starts to see his better half and himself through Iago's eyes. He additionally starts to degenerate himself as a result of Iago's trademark articulation. His style starts to separate, and he starts to get extremely unsettled. Othello begins to rehash his words multiple times just to build up himself. When he discusses his better half he utilizes words, for example, pish, nose, ears, lips, its conceivable, admit, tissue, goodness fallen angel. These words

History of McDonald’s

McDonald’s with about 30.000 eateries in 121 nations; was established in 1948 at San Bernardino, USA. Its business objectives are fulfilled workers, progressively fulfilled visitors and a superior economy. They think about representatives as their primary resource and as needs be, have embraced human asset projects and practices called the â€Å"People Promise†.â Their prosperity was because of value, brisk help, tidiness and incentive for cash. In 1997, McDonald’s partitioned its HR into three gatherings: the Service Center, HR Business Partners and the HR Design Center. The HR Design Center utilizes HR specialists who create, test and execute frameworks pertinent to employees’ apparatuses, which are at the bleeding edge of research and which are intended to improve generally speaking business results. The Measurement and Organizational Effectiveness bunch manages representative duty studies so as to normalize significant information, to contemplate practices and approaches that influence turnover, efficiency, consumer loyalty, deals and benefit. I-O clinicians have assumed a basic job in Leadership Assessment and Development, which manages the official progression arranging process, senior administration criticism and training and other senior initiative advancement programs. Executing competency-based individuals frameworks, McDonald’s has acknowledged scholarly capital by helping every individual convey business results. This is the People Promise activity, which recognizes measurements that identify with the accomplishment of this key procedure. Notwithstanding leading occupation examinations and test approval contemplates, I †O clinicians additionally develop and evaluate strategies fitting for catching basic factors that measure in general business achievement. â€Å"I-O therapists at McDonald’s are currently, in a situation to institute a key job in characterizing the scene, distinguishing the key signs and estimating how far an association has gone to arrive at its general goals† (Matt Barney, July 2001). McDonald's connects incredible significance to giving information about the advantages of a decent eating routine and dynamic way of life not exclusively to its clients yet additionally to its representatives. As of late, Peter Beresford, CEO of the UK wing of McDonald’s, attempt has been to improve interchanges. He has started various spearheading measures like ‘Ask Peter', an immediate email, ‘Town Halls', a month to month live online occasion where board individuals answer inquiries from staff, and the MDUK staff magazine. The workers have invited these progressions entire heartedly (HR Challenges. sixth September 2005). Sources HR challenges †¦ I’m lovin’ it., sixth September 2005. Recovered nineteenth April 2006, structure http://www.personneltoday.com/Articles/2005/09/06/31465/HR+challenges+I'm+lovin'+it.htm Matt Barney, Macro, Meso, Micro: McDonald’s, Retrieved April 17, 2006 from http://siop.org/tip/backissues/tipjul01/17barney.htm Â

All New, All Yummy Introducing MindMeister for iOS Android - Focus

All New, All Yummy Introducing MindMeister for iOS Android - Focus We’re super excited to announce the launch of not one, but two, brand-spanking new mobile apps for MindMeister! Mobile Mind Mapping with MindMeister With our native MindMeister apps for iOS and Android, users can create, edit and collaborate on mind maps, on the move, and with ease. MindMeister 7.0 for iOS, for iPhone, iPad and with Apple Watch support, is now available to download free from the Apple App Store. MindMeister 4.0 for Android, for Android phones and tablets, is also now available,  free on the Google Play Store. With both apps, users can: Create and edit mind maps and map folders Collaborate in real-time across the mobile and web versions of MindMeister Share mind maps directly from the device Add icons, colors, styles and map themes Create, view and edit notes, links, tasks and attachments within mind maps Draw connections between nodes Play presentations Export maps in RTF, PDF and PNG format Seamlessly sync maps and folders with your web-based account Also use the app as a stand-alone app, without a web-based account In addition, Pro users can: Create an unlimited number of mind maps Add images and photos to topics Export mind maps in MindManager, Freemind, XMind, MS Word and MS PowerPoint format Export slides as zip files So Whats New? With these releases, we’ve aimed to provide complete parity across both apps, with a nearly identical look and feel to both the iOS and Android edition. Both have, of course, been designed to provide mobile mind mapping at its best and most beautiful! New grid map selection layout (with previews) Both new apps feature our fresh new map selection layout, displaying all mind maps in a grid formation. Clicking between the tabs will provide you with a list of thumbnail previews for each of the enclosed mind maps, making searching for and selecting the right mind map a whole lot faster and simpler. 18 beautiful new map themes Both new apps provide 18 new colorful map themes, as well as a bunch of different layouts and fonts to choose from, so whether you’re making a visual plan for your creative project, or presenting something serious to your executive team, you’ll find a mind map layout that’s right for you. A fresh functionality Featuring a brand-new log-in interface, the UI and functionality of the apps are cleaner and yummier from the outset. We’ve also worked to make the process of creating, editing and moving ideas within a mind map a lot smoother, with intuitive new features, specifically optimized for touch interfaces. And We Still Kept All The Best Bits Both apps still offer all the best bits of the previous editions, meaning you can upload images and media directly from Dropbox, iCloud and your phone’s camera or photo library, and collaborate in real-time, with the ability to vote ideas up and down, assign tasks and due dates, and add notes and hyperlinks within your mind map all while on the go. MindMeister 7.0 for iOS landed in the Apple App Store today and can be downloaded, free, from the App store now: Download MindMeister 7.0 for iOS Meanwhile, MindMeister 4.0 for Android will be rolling out to existing MindMeister for Android users. New Android users can download MindMeister 4.0 for Android from the Google Play Store, free, now: Download MindMeister 4.0 for Android If you have any feedback on the apps, we’d love to hear it, so please do send it over to [emailprotected]. And, if you really like the apps, please consider leaving us a review on the Apple App Store  and Google Play Store   we’ll really love you for it ??

Terrorism A Modern Terrorist Organization - 850 Words

Terrorism is a tactic that has been used for centuries, it is one of the most important and dangerous problems facing mankind today. Terrorism is the calculated use of violence, or the threat of violence, to intimidate, frighten, or coerce. In addition, the history of terrorism is as old as humans willingness to use violence exist. The earliest known organization that exhibited aspects of a modern terrorist organization was the Zealots of Judea. Zealots of Judea were known to the Romans as sicarii, or dagger-men. They carried on an underground campaign of assassination of Roman occupation forces, as well as any Jews they felt had collaborated with the Romans. Their motive was an uncompromising belief that they could not remain faithful to the dictates of Judaism while living as Roman subjects. Eventually, the Zealot revolt became open, and they committed mass suicides. From the time of the Assassins (late 13th century) to the 1700s, terror and barbarism were widely used in w arfare and conflict. In addition to the acts of violence described above, there are also numerous other types of violence that can exist under the framework of terrorism. Terrorism can be executed or presented in a variety of forms. For example, bioterrorism, cyberterrorism, nuclear terrorism, domestic terrorism, etc. It is important to highlight that terrorism can strike not just large cities, but in any community of any size. Domestic terrorism in the United States is not a newShow MoreRelatedTerrorism Is Not Only A Weapon Used By Non State Actors, Regimes, And Governments?1213 Words   |  5 PagesWhen discussing terrorism from a realism point a view, many do not believe realists have much to say on the topic since realists concerns focuses on state interaction and terrorists as some believe are transnational actors. While it may be easier to pick any other international theory, there are some aspects of realism that can explain terrorism and will be explained throughout this section. One, terrorism is not only a weapon used by non-state actors, regimes and governments use it against theirRead More Terrorism Essay526 Words   |  3 Pageshi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? These acts can easily be labeled as terrorist actions. Terrorism is a growing international problem. In the recent years, new terrorist groups and organizations have been forming at an alarming rate. Governments have had little success in their attempts to resolve issues involving terrorism. One of the major problems in discussing terrorism is â€Å"establishing a generally accepted definition.† Terrorism can be described as, â€Å"the unlawfulRead More Motivations Of Terrorists Essays710 Words   |  3 Pages Discussing terrorism and motivations leading to terrorism brings up thoughts of random acts of violence. These acts are mostly considered to be methods of insane men. Most of these modern terrorists follow their own polit ical agenda with each group trying to achieve a particular goal. There are three types of terrorists in today’s society: the single individual, a certain group, and government funded organization. These terrorists all resemble criminals with one major difference; they are dedicatedRead MoreTerrorists and Terrorism: The 9/11 Terror Attacks922 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorists and Terrorism: The 9/11 terror attacks is one of the historical and fatal events that changed the United States of America forever, especially in relation to terrorists and terrorism. While these concepts were on the minds of very few people in Americas population before the attacks, the 9/11 incident made terrorism to become one of the major concerns for the whole nation. This is despite of the fact that they were carried out in New York City, Washington, and parts of PennsylvaniaRead MoreTerrorism Influences1537 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism Influences The history of terrorism has affected governments, communities, businesses and individuals. Terrorism has been around for thousands of years but the term was not developed until the French Revolution. Underlying conditions such as corruption, poverty, and religious conflict create opportunities for terrorists to exploit and take advantage of. Some of these conditions are real and some are made-up. Through the last 200 years, the concept of terrorism has been used toRead MoreThe Attack On The United States976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe September 11, and the consequent War on Terror changed how the American government and its public perceive terrorism and how to formulate a policy to counter the phenomenon. A couple of large wars were waged on the name of War on Terror and many other small wars and conflicts took place in numbers of countries and continents to eradicate the threat of a terrorist attack. Yet the terrorist groups survived and the United States were left with a large d ebt acquired by expensive counterterrorism effortRead MoreGtd Flaws And Issues. Gtd Is Considered As One Of The Most1382 Words   |  6 PagesGTD Flaws and Issues GTD is considered as one of the most comprehensive database of terrorist events in the world. But is it ideal? Since we deal with big data from open sources around the world, it’s not always show the true picture. All entries in one way or another were created upon unclassified information, mostly from media articles. That creates bias because articles is always a subjective view, moreover only English articles were used, thus we can see only one side of the coin. Data collectionRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1172 Words   |  5 Pagesseek pleasure from these activities. Climate change, political agendas, and intolerance across the globe are all examples of human created problems that could be avoided if human weren’t fundamentally horrible. According to literary, historical and modern research, humans are generally violent and awful. According to George Orwell’s Animal Farm, people are the enemy of any other species. Humans are the creators of pollution, war, murder and many more horrible actions. Orwell used animals to portrayRead MoreTerrorists Attacks And Warfare.Recently, The Number Of1239 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorists Attacks and Warfare Recently, the number of terrorists’ attacks increase dramatically, so do reginal warfare. Both terrorists’ attacks and warfare are resulted from political complex, there is a correlation relationship between these two. The origins of terrorists’ attack is different political opinion and the purpose of minor groups did not be accepted, so they create terrorists attacks for attacking views on them. Warfare does stimulate Terrorists’ attacks by increase theRead MoreEssay about The Ever Increasing International Terrorism Threat635 Words   |  3 PagesCenter and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 was the most destructive terrorist attack recorded in the world history which resulted in untold misery and suffering. This very atrocious act was committed at a time when experts had been defining a new form of international terrorism which states that not even a superpower like America is immune from these attacks as the main objective behind this the m ass destruction. Terrorism can be defined as the specific and deliberate use of violence against civilians

Analysis Of The Rose That Grew From Concrete - 1047 Words

Have you ever had that moment in life where you just want to give up, or cant take the bad stuff anymore. Well I think we all have, since life really is no â€Å"Crystal Stair†. The poem â€Å"Mother to Son† is about how life isnt always a crystal stair since the stairs are broken or have tacks and all that bad stuff that is an obstacle you have to pass. The poem â€Å"The Rose that Grew From Concrete† is about a normal rose that is growing from concrete where it seems impossible since it cannot provide nutrients but the rose does it by persevering. Both poems share the theme of perseverance is the key but the authors do that in similar and different ways. The authors developed the same theme in different ways and we can still identify that â€Å"Mother and†¦show more content†¦The Rose is being strong and persevering to keep living. With life we can relate to this poem because life throws problems at us like nothing and we have to keep persevering like the rose did when it was growing in the concrete where theres almost no nutrients for it to eat off and die so maybe it could be like someone homeless. They are living on the streets and have no food so they have to persevere in order to live. Making up the theme of perseverance is the key. On the other hand, the author for â€Å"Mother to Son† uses metaphor and conflict to develop the theme of perseverance is the key. With metaphor being the stairs of life and conflict being the steps in the stairs that might be broken or with tacks in it. Metaphor develops the theme of perseverance is the key in â€Å"Mother to Son† because the mom uses the stairs to compare life and how it is difficult meaning you have to persevere. One piece of evidence from the text is, â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair.† This shows the theme of perseverance is the key because life isn’t a crystal stair, it might have boards ripped out or tacks which represent the problems while your facing while going up the stairs of life. This quote shows that the mother is telling her son that life is no crystal meaning its perfect with no problems or anything. Also, she is saying life for herShow MoreRelatedThe Rose That Grew From Concrete Analysis846 Words   |  4 Pagesand everyone will face them at some point in their life but it is how people handle it that determines their future. This idea can be seen in many pieces of text including the following poems. â€Å"Invictus† by William Ernest Henley and â€Å"The Rose That Grew From Concrete† by Tupac both convey the idea that obstacles are important in everyone’s life and help shape everyone as a person on the way to their dream. Through â€Å"Invictus† William Ernest Henley shows that if people did not run into obstacles in theirRead MoreThe Rose That Grew From Concrete Poem Analysis737 Words   |  3 Pagesproblems one by one. The poems â€Å" Mother to Son† and â€Å" The rose that grew from concrete† will show you how to rise above your challenges. The poem â€Å"Mother to Son† is about how you have to persevere to rise above your problems in life. And the poem â€Å"The rose that grew from concrete† is about how this rose came out of concrete showing us that anything is possible if you keep trying. The poems â€Å" Mother to Son† and â€Å" The rose that grew from concrete† both share the theme of rising above challenges but theyRead MoreThe Rose That Grew from Concrete Analysis Essay examples775 Words   |  4 PagesNaod Tekeste English 110C The Rose That Grew from Concrete by Tupac Shakur Did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete Proving natures laws wrong it learned to walk without having feet Funny it seems, but by keeping its dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else even cared! Analysis Tupac Shakur was a rapper from California, known for his socially-conscious songs that concern violence, racism, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Tupac Shakur s The Rose That Grew From Concrete ``1687 Words   |  7 Pages In addition, the poem â€Å"The Rose that Grew from Concrete,† gives a narrative poem of persistence. Individuals are capable of having dreams bigger than themselves despite the boundaries they face. Tupac explains that having struggles is the road to someone’s dreams becoming reality. Discouragement is only in the mind of an individual and should not interfere with any bodies goals they are trying to obtain. Furthermore, the poem â€Å"Life through My Eyes,† gives an analysis of what life is through theRead MoreHail Mary by Tupac Shakur A literary Analysis1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Hail Mary by Tupac Shakur A literary Analysis The song â€Å"Hail Mary† by Tupac Shakur has sparked continued interest and attracted much criticism. Tupac’s application of the eternal theme of the struggle between good and evil to the cycle of prey vs. predator that is showcased in â€Å"Hail Mary† is unique and incorporates heart, mind, body and soul. Tupac explores the catch 22 of falling prey to evil if choosing to become a predator in order to survive, and shares the conflicting emotionsRead MoreGrimms Fairytales1608 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish class, we are presenting a research paper based on fairy tales, folktales, or fables. Over the course of six months in English class we have been studying stories, and have looked at the Canterbury Tales, etc. These stories are passed down from generation to generation and give us stories of courage and love. These stories are part of my childhood. Fairytales give me a sense of empowerment and hope for the future. The stories mold my imagination and resiliency t o who I am today. The Search:Read MoreCognitive Development And Social Development1753 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough the behaviourist account, and stage-like development, through the organismic account (Smith, 1997). We will explore Piaget’s contributions to the field with his account of cognitive development happening through concrete stages, namely the sensorimotor, the pre-operational, concrete operational and the formal operational stages. The experiments he developed to prove his theories will also be examined, as well as the criticisms that more contemporary literature have put forth about these. By theRead MoreCemex2598 Words   |  11 Pagespresents fundamental and financial analysis of Cemex. The analysis is performed by analyzing the company s financial data for the period beginning December 2002 through December 2005. The paper introduces Cemex by presenting the company s information and a brief summary of its main activities. Following the introduction, the paper will perform an extensive industry and company analysis and summarize these findings in the SWOT analysis. This will assess Cemex s strengthsRead MorePolice Report On The Los Angeles Police Department1584 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice was served and how the results of this trial affected the Los Angeles community, and policing in the U.S for years to come. The Trials of Los Angeles Police Officers in connection with the beating of Rodney King is a UMKC law report that analysis the background of the Rodney king incident, the trial and the aftermath. On March 2, 1991, Rodney Glen King was at a friends house in Los Angeles watching a basketball game and drinking beer. King suggested to his two friends, Allen and Freddie HelmsRead MoreTupac Shakur: A Brief Life Story1779 Words   |  7 PagesTupac Shakur was brought into the world on June 16, 1971 in the beautiful state of New York City. Both of Shakur’s Bill Garland and Afeni Shakur were both black panthers around the late 1960’s and late 70’s, Shakur lived a hard life as a child and grew up around a lot of violence and criminal defense. When Shakur was smaller his godfather Elmer Pratt had been convicted of murdering a high school teacher in 1982 and was also one of the top ranked Black Panthers. Soon after that his stepfather spent

Othello, the Moor of Venice Psychological Approach Free Essays

William Shakespeare’s drama, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† may be interpreted in both a Freudian and Jungian way within the psychological criticism of literature. There three main characters in the story: Othello, the Moor in the service of the Venetian state, his wife Desdemona, and Othello’s wicked servant Iago. From the Freudian point of view, both male characters, Othello (master) and Iago (servant) have the developed id (the part of the human mind that seeks pleasure). We will write a custom essay sample on Othello, the Moor of Venice: Psychological Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, they suffer from a weak ego (the part of the mind that controls the id’s impulses, letting them go a normal way). The ego can not stand between the id and the superego (the part of the mind that represses the id’s impulses), so the men’s instincts are bare and cause them into trouble. Othello kills Desdemona and himself and Iago also murders his wife Emilia and is a few steps from being tortured severely. Iago’s superego represses his sexual desires as inappropriate for society. His id does not agree with it and is released through betrayal, thievery and lie. All these in the case of Iago become a fake sex intercourse. Deep in his soul Iago treats sex as a â€Å"bad† and shameful thing. His code of behavior and the words about women make his point clear. For Iago the most pleasant thing is to talk badly about Desdemona and his own wife. Thus the servant acts as a ready-made sadist, a type who finds joy and satisfaction only when he makes other people unhappy. Besides he is a man who is not taught to forgive. His place in life is cheap and subordinate so Iago feels good when he oppresses and manipulates the others like Roderigo. It is curious to look closer at the personages’ skin-color. â€Å"Good† master is black and â€Å"bad† servant is white. It creates a very interesting effect so far as Iago’s black soul matches Othello’s black skin and this makes them equal. From the Freudian point of view, sexual motives penetrate all through the text. To begin with, sex may be the motivation for Iago to hate his master so much. Othello did not treat Iago as a candidate for the lieutenant’s position. Iago speaks about his hurt feelings but that seems a bit unnatural as the man mentions this reason only a few times. The reader can not then make the idea of what in Othello made Iago so wild. One may even suggest that Iago and Othello are latent homosexuals and Iago’s hatred for Othello is the perverted form of love. There are some evidences throughout the play of both master and servant paying attention to women, especially on Iago’s side. But is not it a shift of his desire for the Moor onto the female characters if to scan the play through the Freudian lens? The central female character of the play is Desdemona. She steps out as a victim of two suspected in homosexuality males, Othello and Iago. First, let us recall under what circumstances she married to the Moor. It was against Brabantio’s (Desdemona’s father) will. The girl left home in the night with Othello. He was definitely older than Desdemona and seemed to resemble a father to her in age and manners. This is a case of Electra’s complex, when a female hates her own father and wants to hurt him. Brabantio died of grief because she married to Othello. Desdemona wanted to find the father’s twin in Othello and killed his good feelings though being unaware of it till the very end. Besides killing her own daddy Desdemona subconsciously wanted to die herself because she felt guilty for hating Brabantio and wishing him die. Othello’s attitude to the wife and his mad jealousy perfectly fit into the theory of Oedipus complex, when a man sees his mother in every woman he meets in life. The Moor often behaves as a child, for example when he speaks about his noble parents and high qualities of a soldier and does not care to look modest. Like a child he is searching for a friend and suspects that other people want to hurt him. To say more, he prefers to socialize with men mostly, because women make him uncomfortable. In Desdemona he also wanted to find the substitute for his mother. It is intentionally that he tells Desdemona about the handkerchief his mother had left him. To go further, the story takes place on the island and the personages travel to Cyprus on board of the ship. According to Freudian theory, ship stands for a female symbol and the water usually goes with birth, the female principle, the maternal, the womb, and the death wish. Thus, getting into the storm, the personages are subjects for dying. In addition, Othello wants to join his own mother through the journey through the symbol of the ship. According to Jungian theories, the conflicts between the personages may be interpreted as the conflicts between the general habit of a person to neglect or cynically evaluate the surroundings and the opposite habit to see the world through rose-coloured glasses. Othello and Iago act as if they are two halves of a human soul, one is dark and the opposite is light. Iago is the evil creature, who denies all the romantic things around him, whereas Othello represents the type who tries to idealize the reality. Yet you can not say that Iago and Othello are undeniably different, because all through the play they are communicating and spend a lot of time together. The possible reason is that they support and accomplish each other in the world vision. For example, Iago takes from his master the understanding of what should be right like friendship or admiration with a woman’s beauty. It is not that the man is not able to see that Desdemona is beautiful or that Othello is a brave soldier. The wicked servant just could not believe that a beautiful woman can be loyal to her husband or Cassio, the lieutenant, is a genuine friend to Othello and Desdemona. On the opposite, Othello easily believed in Iago’s roorbacking. It shows only that the Moor as an ideal type standing very close to the devil type of Iago. To put it in a nut-shell, from the psychological point of view the master and the servant tensely link together, and Iago may be treated as the repressed side of Othello’s consciousness. Desdemona does not let them join and that is why she is dead in the end of the play.    How to cite Othello, the Moor of Venice: Psychological Approach, Essay examples

Pt 1 Epic Poetry Gilgamesh, Flashcard

Pt 1: Epic Poetry: Gilgamesh,

Honor Killings or Shame Killings in Asia

Honor Killings or Shame Killings in Asia In many of the countries of South Asia and the Middle East, women can be targeted by their own families for death in what is known as â€Å"honor killings.† Often the victim has acted in a way that seems unremarkable to observers from other cultures; she has sought a divorce, refused to go through with an arranged marriage, or had an affair. In the most horrifying cases, a woman who suffers a rape then gets murdered by her own relatives. Yet, in highly patriarchal cultures, these actions – even being the victim of a sexual assault – are often seen as a blot on the honor and the reputation of the woman’s entire family, and her family may decide to maim or kill her. A woman (or rarely, a man) does not have to actually break any cultural taboos in order to become an honor killing victim. Just the suggestion that she has behaved inappropriately may be enough to seal her fate, and her relatives will not give her a chance to defend herself before carrying out the execution. In fact, women have been killed when their families knew they were completely innocent; just the fact that rumors had started going around was enough to dishonor the family, so the accused woman had to be killed. Writing for the United Nations, Dr. Aisha Gill defines an honor killing or honor violence as: ...any form of violence perpetrated against females within the framework of patriarchal family structures, communities, and/or societies, where the main justification for the perpetration of violence is the protection of a social construction of ‘honour’ as a value-system, norm, or tradition. In some cases, however, men may also be victims of honor killing, particularly if they are suspected of being homosexual, or if they refuse to marry the bride selected for them by their family. Honor killings take many different forms, including shooting, strangling, drowning, acid attacks, burning, stoning, or burying the victim alive. What is the justification for this horrific intrafamilial violence?   A report published by Canada’s Department of Justice quotes Dr. Sharif Kanaana of Birzeit University, who notes that honor killing in Arab cultures is not solely or even primarily about controlling a woman’s sexuality, per se.  Rather, Dr. Kanaana states: What the men of the family, clan, or tribe seek control of in a patrilineal society is reproductive power.  Women for the tribe were considered a factory for making men. The honor killing is not a means to control sexual power or behavior. What’s behind it is the issue of fertility, or reproductive power. Interestingly, honor murders are usually carried out by the fathers, brothers, or uncles of the victims – not by husbands. Although in a patriarchal society, wives are seen as the property of their husbands, any alleged misbehavior reflects dishonor on their birth families rather than their husbands’ families. Thus, a married woman who is accused of transgressing cultural norms is usually killed by her blood relatives. How did this tradition begin? Honor killing today is often associated in western minds and media with Islam, or less commonly with Hinduism, because it happens most often in Muslim or Hindu countries.  In fact, it is a cultural phenomenon separate from religion. First, let’s consider the sexual mores embedded in Hinduism. Unlike the major monotheistic religions, Hinduism does not consider sexual desire to be unclean or evil in any way, although sex just for the sake of lust is frowned upon. However, as with all other issues in Hinduism, questions such as the appropriateness of extramarital sex depend in large part upon the caste of the persons involved. It was never appropriate for a Brahmin to have sexual relations with a low caste person, for example. Indeed, in the Hindu context, most honor killings have been of couples from very different castes who fell in love. They might be killed for refusing to marry a different partner chosen by their families, or for secretly marrying the partner of their own choice. Premarital sex was also a taboo for Hindu women, in particular, as shown by the fact that brides are always referred to as â€Å"maidens† in the Vedas. In addition, boys from the Brahmin caste were strictly forbidden from breaking their celibacy, usually until around the age of 30. They were required to devote their time and energy to priestly studies, and avoid distractions such as young women. We could find no historical record of young Brahmin men being killed by their families if they strayed from their studies and sought the pleasures of the flesh. Honor Killing and Islam In the pre-Islamic cultures of the Arabian Peninsula and also of what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan, society was highly patriarchal. A woman’s reproductive potential belonged to her birth family and could be â€Å"spent† any way they chose – preferably through a marriage that would strengthen the family or clan financially or militarily. However, if a woman brought so-called dishonor on that family or clan, by allegedly engaging in premarital or extramarital sex (whether consensual or not), her family had the right to â€Å"spend† her future reproductive capacity by killing her. When Islam developed and spread throughout this region, it actually brought a different perspective on this question. Neither the Koran itself nor the hadiths make any mention of honor killing, good or bad. Extra-judicial killings, in general, are forbidden by sharia law; this includes honor killings because they are carried out by the victim’s family, rather than by a court of law. This is not to say that the Koran and sharia condone premarital or extramarital relationships. Under the most common interpretations of sharia, premarital sex is punishable by up to 100 lashes for both men and women, while adulterers of either gender can be stoned to death. Nonetheless, today many men in Arab nations such as ​Saudi Arabia, ​Iraq, and Jordan, as well as in Pashtun areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, adhere to the tradition of honor killing rather than taking the accused persons to court. It is notable that in other predominantly Islamic nations, such as Indonesia, Senegal, Bangladesh, Niger, and Mali, honor killing is a practically unknown phenomenon.  This strongly supports the idea that honor killing is a cultural tradition, rather than a religious one. Impact of Honor Killing Culture The honor killing cultures that were born in pre-Islamic Arabia and South Asia have a world-wide impact today. Estimates of the number of women murdered each year in honor killings range from the United Nations’ 2000 estimate of about 5,000 dead to a BBC report’s estimate based on humanitarian organizations’ counts of more than 20,000. Growing communities of Arab, Pakistani, and Afghan people in western countries also means that the issue of honor killings is making itself felt across Europe, the US, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere. High-profile cases, such as the 2009 murder of an Iraqi-American woman named Noor Almaleki, have horrified western observers. According to a CBS News report on the incident, Almaleki was raised in Arizona from the age of four and was highly westernized. She was independent-minded, liked to wear blue jeans, and, at age 20, had moved out of her parents’ home and was living with her boyfriend and his mother. Her father, enraged that she had rejected an arranged marriage and moved in with her boyfriend, ran her over with his minivan and killed her. Incidents like Noor Almaleki’s murder, and similar killings in Britain, Canada, and elsewhere, highlight an additional danger for the female children of immigrants from honor killing cultures.  Girls who acculturate to their new countries – and most children do – are extremely vulnerable to honor attacks. They absorb the ideas, attitudes, fashions, and social mores of the western world. As a result, their fathers, uncles, and other male relatives feel that they are losing the family honor because they no longer have control over the girls’ reproductive potential. The outcome, in too many cases, is murder. Sources Julia Dahl. â€Å"Honor killing under growing scrutiny in the U.S.,† CBS News, April 5, 2012. Department of Justice, Canada. â€Å"Historical Context – Origins of Honour Killing,† Preliminary Examination of so-called â€Å"Honour Killings† in Canada, Sept. 4, 2015. Dr. Aisha Gill. â€Å"Honour Killings and the Quest for Justice in Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in the UK,† United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women. June 12, 2009. â€Å"Honor Violence Factsheet,† Honor Diaries. Accessed May 25, 2016. Jayaram V. â€Å"Hinduism and Premarital Relationships,† Hinduwebsite.com. Accessed May 25, 2016. Ahmed Maher. â€Å"Many Jordan teenagers ‘support honour killings,† BBC News. June 20, 2013.

Parietal Lobes Function and Brain Anatomy

Parietal Lobes Function and Brain Anatomy The parietal lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. The parietal lobes are positioned behind the frontal lobes and above the temporal lobes. These lobes are important to the function and processing of sensory information, understanding spatial orientation and body awareness. Location Directionally, the parietal lobes are superior to the occipital lobes and posterior to the central sulcus and frontal lobes. The central sulcus is the large deep groove or indentation that separates the parietal and frontal lobes. Function The parietal lobes are involved in a number of important functions in the body. One of the main functions is to receive and process sensory information from all over the body. The somatosensory cortex is found within the parietal lobes and is essential for processing touch sensations. For instance, the somatosensory cortex helps us to identify the location of a touch sensation and to discriminate between sensations such as temperature and pain. Neurons in the parietal lobes receive touch, visual and other sensory information from a part of the brain called the thalamus. The thalamus relays nerve signals and sensory information between the peripheral nervous system and the cerebral cortex. The parietal lobes process the information and help us to identify objects by touch. The parietal lobes work in concert with other areas of the brain,  such as the motor cortex and visual cortex, to perform certain tasks. Opening a door, combing your hair, and placing your lips and tongue in the proper position to speak all involve the parietal lobes. These lobes are also important for understanding spatial orientation and for proper navigation. Being able to identify the position, location and movement of the body and its parts is an important function of the parietal lobes. Parietal lobe functions include: CognitionInformation ProcessingTouch Sensation (Pain, Temperature, etc.)Understanding Spatial OrientationMovement CoordinationSpeechVisual PerceptionReading and WritingMathematical Computation Damage Damage or injury to the parietal lobe can cause a number of difficulties. Some of the difficulties as it relates to language include the inability to recall the correct names of everyday items, inability to write or spell, impaired reading, and the inability to position the lips or tongue properly in order to speak. Other problems that may result from damage to the parietal lobes include difficulty in performing goal-directed tasks, difficulty in drawing and performing math calculations, difficulty in identifying objects by touch or distinguishing between different types of touch, inability to distinguish left from right, lack of hand-eye coordination, difficulty in understanding direction, lack of body awareness, difficulty in making exact movements, inability to perform complex tasks in the proper order, difficulty in localizing touch and deficits in attention.​ Certain types of problems are associated with damage caused to either the left or right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. Damage to the left parietal lobe typically results in difficulties in understanding language and writing. Damage to the right parietal lobe results in difficulties with understanding spatial orientation and navigation. Cerebral Cortex Lobes The cerebral cortex is the thin layer of tissue that covers the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest component of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres with each hemisphere being divided into four lobes. Each brain lobe has a specific function. Functions of the cerebral cortex lobes involve everything from interpreting and processing sensory information to decision-making and problem-solving capabilities. In addition to the parietal lobes, the lobes of the brain consist of the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobes are involved in reasoning and the expression of personality. The temporal lobes assist in organizing sensory input and memory formation. The occipital lobes are involved in visual processing.

Reading Response to Thinking of Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Response to Thinking of Empire - Essay Example The nature of power creates an addiction to rule, resulting in several people seeking to have power. Through this, people become greedy, once they obtain power, they seek to hold onto it till they die; this is how people establish dynasties in the political field. Power can destroy a society, several people will always struggle to obtain and when they do, it consumes them and they are never the same. The privileges of power create greed, which also consumes the individuals who crave for power but do not have it. It results in people scheming and hoping to gain power. People will do whatever it takes to be in power. The bottom line is that in the end power makes people corrupt. The manner, in which the Romans and the English sought to establish empires, was a demonstration of how power was a negative factor in society. It resulted in several societies losing their homes and being consumed by the very empires that oppressed them. However, power is important to direct countries and individuals into some direction, be it good or bad. In the end, I find that without the hunger for power, the world would be a peaceful place to live. I can only wonder if a non-power hungry world will ever take center

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example An independent analysis of the online recruitment models at Price Waterhouse Coopers, Marks and Spencer and Barclay’s was conducted to determine whether these models are properly aligned to gain the best talent required. Marks and Spencer significantly emphasises the corporate culture that resides at the firm as a means of differentiating the business from competing retail recruiters. The website is constructed for extreme ease of navigation through the various informational pages, providing clear and distinct weblinks to explore the many diverse values portrayed by the organisation. On the â€Å"Our Values† page, Marks and Spencer clearly lists the core foundation of culture, including elements of trust, innovation, commitment, and quality of service (Marks and Spencer 2012). From this page, the candidate is able to navigate easily to learn of the many benefits of gaining employment with the firm, including employee discounts, receipt of bonus scheme outcomes, and pens ion opportunities for long-term reward (Marks and Spencer 2012). In every detail, this organisation wants the candidate to understand the dynamics of business operations and human resources philosophy at the organisation, providing ample information on leadership at the firm and the strong emphasis on diversity prevalent in this business model. No proverbial stone is left unturned in relation to providing comprehension of organisational culture and business mission and vision to assist the candidate in determining whether they would be a proper fit for this business model. The image portrayed by Marks and Spencer is one of leadership-based competence and one in which candidates should expect human resources models to contain much emphasis on social belonging and professional development. An independent candidate that prefers individualism rather than collective work groups, after assessing the sizeable basket of information about the company, might select a competitor with a more ce ntralised business model. However, the blend of knowledge portrayed on the corporate recruitment site leaves little to the imagination about what should be expected upon gaining employment. Barclays and Price Waterhouse Coopers take a different approach to the online recruitment process, with much less emphasis on transformational leadership and cultural development. As both of these companies operate in the financial sector, in generally centralised hierarchies, the content of these two recruitment websites are more professional-centric describing values associated with meeting strategic corporate goals rather than focusing on the interpersonal dynamic of inter-office relationship development. Offers Price Waterhouse Coopers, â€Å"Our culture is all about our people. The development of our people is key and though we are all driven by different aspirations, we share the same commitment to quality† (pwc.co.uk 2012, p.1). Price Waterhouse Coopers attempts to illustrate that h ard work is the cornerstone of meeting service needs and achieving long-term goals with much less emphasis on the psycho-social dynamic of employment. Though the website is easy to navigate with ample weblinks leading to job-related information, the focus of recruitment is navigation through many web pages describing domestic and international career positions with well-developed and thorough job descriptions. Barclay’s, as well, places much less emphasis on the dynamics of existing organisational cu

The Meaning of Doctrine of the Trinity in Christianity and Islam Essays

THE MEANING OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY IN CHRISTAINITY AND ISLAM The doctrine of the Trinity is one of the most difficult aspects of Christian life. Some people may look at it at a glance, believing that such study will encourage them in their faith and there believes. Others are concerned about the Islamic believe of the doctrine of the Trinity, which make it trinithesim. For a monotheistic religion like Islam, Christian and Hindi, it is both improper and not ideological to believe in any idea of three gods. In Christianity the doctrine of the Trinity accepts that God is one which implies that God, the Son and the Holy Spirit are one, He exists as three persons: Jesus Christ the son revealed himself as the Father in some passage in the Bible, and the Holy Spirit, the bond of love between Jesus and the father. The concept of the holy Trinity for many centuries has serious conflict in defining it from different religions and scholar. Christians believe in the Trinity, and also a Christian believes in God the father God the son and God the holy spirit. Some people may even believe in the wonders of the Holy Spirit. However, if one does not believe in the orthodox concept of the doctrine of Trinity, then that person cannot be regarded as a Christian. Nevertheless, the Trinitarian theology is not easily understood completely. It is one of those mysteries of faith. In Islam the belief that God is one, and oppose the Christians that such a concept is a denial of religion which states that monotheism is the practice of one God. The Quran has repeatedly and affirm that God is one. People of the Book, do not go to excess in your religion, and do not say anything about God except the truth: the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, w... ...vealed in Jesus Christ (Murad). Mohammed is seen as one who wrote down the revelation entrusted to him by angel Gabriel; Jesus is one, who was himself the definitive revelation of God (Murad). Classic Christian theology holds that, as God incarnate, Jesus reveals God and makes restoration to him possible through his saving death and resurrection. The Islamic criticism of the doctrine of Trinity is a more fundamental concern about the identity of Jesus Christ himself (McGrath 204). For many Muslim in the world today, Jesus was a prophet to them and not an incarnate of God as the Christianity believes. The doctrine of Trinity has never been seen as compromising or contradicting the unity of God. The Trinity, to put it as simply as possible, is ultimately the distillation and correlation of the Christian tradition’s immensely rich teaching about the nature of God.

Policy in Theory and Practice

What is the social administrative tradition? Social administration developed when the welfare state was undergoing a period of growth, when there was a high level of optimism about its potential achievements and a high degree of consensus about the fundamentals such as Education, the National Health Services, and public housing. Social administration was concerned with social needs and problems, and with the response to the problems; social policy. It became regarded as the natural provider of welfare, apparently at the expense of others. Social administration is linked to the growth and development of welfare services, which have existed since the turn of the century, but were expanded and consolidated in the 1940s. It adopts a rational approach to solving social problems, which are often thought of as having an objective existence. Social services provided by the state were viewed as the proper method for causing progressive change. Fabianism was a movement designed to promote democratic socialism. The impact of Fabianism, as a coherent set of ideas, held that socialism in Britain was well-matched with the institutions of state and should, therefore, be implemented through a parliamentary system. Supporters of Fabianism wanted to utilise academic knowledge on social problems to create pressure on the state to research and conduct in-depth analysis in order to influence welfare reforms. The ideological and empirical alliances with Fabianism were associated with a concern regarding policy action; specifically what is done by policy action and how it is done, rather than why this is done. Two hugely prominent members of the Fabian Society were Sydney and Beatrice Webb. This couple believed that collective provision for welfare through the state was essential in order to develop a British capitalist society. Social policy in Britain became more concerned with the practical issues of education for experimental research on recognized problems – social administration tradition. During the decades of the 1960’s and 1970’s the view of Social administration as social policy became discredited, and since then a more holistic approach to social policy developed. What is meant by liberal welfarism? Liberalism welfarism is about protection of the individual in terms of freedom, markets and kind limits the state. Welfare in liberal philosophy is not something that is provided but something that is achieved and developed through the free and independent actions of a free will. The welfare of each individual promotes the well-being of the entire society by increasing the sum total of freedom in which its members live. Liberalism promotes equality of opportunities that is rooted in an inequality of outcomes. Freedom is intrinsically linked to responsibility, so as the state takes over in the role of providing welfare for the population a diminished freedom also means diminished individual responsibility. This is damaging to society, and in order to minimise the damage the state must take a less central role. It was thought that the state should refrain from interfering in economic processes such as income policies, laws regarding minimum wage and employment protection legislation, w hich in turn would decrease the role of trade unions in economic and political life. This forms the foundation for a legal background which enables individual freedom along with economic prosperity, and has been of great influence in economic, political and social welfare. The economic policy of laissez-faire was an attitude in which the government refused to interfere. This eventually began to give way to a new collective ideal called new-liberalism, which imagined the state playing a positive in the enhancement of social problems. New liberalism led to a transformation in the nature of and relations between the state and the market. Explain the parliamentary policy-making process. Within the parameters of British state, the central state may be considered to be crucial as it is where many decisions are made. Constitutionally Britain operates a tripartite division of powers between the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. Crucial to this is the role of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, which are pivotal in the making of policy. The job of the legislature is to debate and consider the introduction of new laws. Members of parliament exercise the power through the system of Parliamentary committees, where they are able to question Ministers and senior Civil Servants. New legislation passes through the laborious process of First, Second and Third Readings in the House of Commons, interspersed with detailed discussion of a Bill’s content at the Committee stage. A Bill will then receive consideration from the House of Lords, and during this process the MP’s and Lords from the government and the opposition have the opportunity to question and debate the principles and provisions of new legislation, and to suggest amendments. Finally a Bill receives Royal Assent and passes into law as an Act of Parliament. Detail the New Right critique of the welfare state. During the 1970’s both the Conservative and Labour Party attempted to halt the apparent economic decline, yet neither were successful. Both parties experiences an increase of radical activity in the far wings of the party. The ‘New Right’ formed as a branch of the Conservative Party, campaigning for a break from the previous reliance on Keynesianism as part of economic and social policy.From 1979-1997, Britain was governed by a Conservative Party that was under Thatcher’s leadership and was inspired by the New Right, and was rooted in economic liberalism combined with social conservatism. According to the work of the theorist Friedman Britain began to build up a neo-liberal analysis of state welfare during this time. His main argument was that public expenditure was being driven up by the increase of state intervention within welfare services. This interfered with the operation of the market economy. The New Right arguing that free welfare services only encouraged useless people to become dependent upon benefits and provided no incentive for families to protect themselves and their welfares through savings. The Conservatives tried to shift the costs of welfare through changes in taxation and the benefits system, burdening the poor and disadvantaged, and this served only to increase the amount of citizens who were in need of state support. This was further intensified by policies that sought to achieve wage discipline through mass unemployment. Neo-liberals wanted to roll back the state and reduce the role of the government, with the aim to restoring Britain’s international competitiveness. Welfare benefits were seen as detrimental to labour market flexibility, as they kept up wages. Bibliography Alcock, C, Payne,S, Sullivan, M, 2004, Introducing Social Policy, Essex, Pearson. Baldock, N, et al, 2012, Social Policy, 4edt, Oxford, Oxford University Express. Loney, M, Boswell, D, Clarke,J, 1988, Social Policy & Social Welfare, Milton Keynes, Open University.

A poultry firm and concepts of costing, budgeting, budgetary targets - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1621 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Cost can be defined as the amount of resources, usually measures in monetary terms, sacrificed to achieve particular objective (McLaney Atrill, 2008:281). This report will consider a specific poultry firm to analyse the concepts of costing, budgeting, budgetary targets and provide implementation details and recommendations based on the analysis. The analysis, implementation and recommendations of costing and budgeting would be done on the basis of the learning in this course and my previous work experience. Costing There are different types of costs associated with a manufacturing firm. Fixed cost is the company spending which is autonomous on the amount of operations. Variable cost changes according to the capacity of production. Moreover, product cost is the cost involved in producing or purchasing a product. Period cost is non- manufacturing cost which is not included in the cost of purchase or production. Furthermore, traditional cost accounting has been one main, widely-used approach to costing both internally and externally. This general ledger (GL) system performs as the firms indicator measuring the healthiness and prosperity of the whole company. The conventional GL methodology can only recapitulate the firms everyday expenditure as per the individual account details (for example labor, material) (Narong 2009).Any expenditure and overheads are not linked to any exact activity or procedures. This shows that the firm lacks the aptitude to assess the inner competence, excellence and prosperity per product. Activity based costing (ABC) is the appropriate entirety value management solution that can increase these deficiencies. The activity based costing approach records, recapitulate and hearsays the expenses into the costs of behavior or procedure and ultimately related to each manufactured goods and clients. Unlike traditional accounting reports that make managers react to by being happy or sad, activity based costing data makes them smarter (Narong 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A poultry firm and concepts of costing, budgeting, budgetary targets" essay for you Create order Overview of the firm KPC farm is a hen and egg production firm. The fixed costs for KPC farm are rent, insurance, interest, real-estate taxes, wage and salaries and maintenance costs. The variable costs for KPC farm are labor, electricity, transportation. Furthermore, vaccination, food, crops cost, direct labour (assembly line workers), manufacturing overhead (indirect material and indirect labour, depreciation on plant and machinery, and utilities) are the product costs at KPC farm. Marketing costs (depreciation of delivery van, advertisement, sales commission and cold storage) and administrative costs (depreciation of land and building, management costs like salaries and travel) are period costs. Capital Investment Cost Straight line Depreciation (Yrs) Land  £ 450,000.00 N.a No salvage value Buildings  £ 200,000.00 25 No salvage value Equipment  £ 100,000.00 12 No salvage value Farm machinery  £ 13,000.00 10 10% salvage value Car  £ 4,000.00 5 7% salvage value Total Investment cost  £ Working Capital Hens No of hens x price per bird Vaccination No of hens x vaccination cost Food Price of food for first three months Crops cost Production costs per bale x no of bales produced Capital Value Weight Equity @ 18%  £ 357,000.00 Debt @12.5% (interest included in total)  £ 467,320.00 Total Capital  £ Bank Loan Agreement to be repaid over 5 yrs Yr 1  £75,000 Yr 2  £75,000 Yr 3  £100,000 Yr 4  £100,000 Yr 5  £117,320 New car cash purchase in Yr 5  £ 20,000.00 Depreciate over 10 years Planning cost  £ 5,000.00 Operating cost No of hens 9000 Cost per hen  £ 3.00 Weekly food consumption per 1000 hens 0.167 Per KG Price per KG  £ 0.28  £ 0.36 Vaccination per hen  £ 1.00 Salaries and wages Farm manager  £ 500.00 Per week Casual labour  £ 60.00 Per week Insurance  £ 3,000.00 Per Year Utilities  £ 350.00 Per month Fuel  £ 200.00 Per month Hen waste removal  £ 1,600.00 Per year Technical Information Life cycle of Hen 52 Weeks No. Of Acres 25 Production capacity first 6 weeks 75% 4.5 Effective from week 7 to week 52 90% 41.4 Average weight effective rate 88% Mortality rate 2.5% Daily Egg production per hen 1 Resale price per hen in 52 weeks  £ 0.50 Note: The effective rate takes in consideration waste and damage Extra revenues items: Revenue from cropping the land 1 crop per year (Silage) 12 Bales per acre Production cost per bale  £ 10.00 Selling price per bale  £ 22.00 Note: The government has an ambitious plans to shift from battery based egg farms to free range egg farms in 4 years time, this means that the growth rate in price will begin to decline by 4% from year 5 onwards. Price per dozen Growth rate 2% per yr  £1.15 Tax Rate 35% Inflation rate to be applied to costs and revenues excluding egg prices 3% Design of appropriate costing system for KPC farm The ABC systems focus on the accurate cost assignment of overheads to products. In the cost assignment view, the assignment of costs through ABC occurs in two stages: cost objects (i.e., products or services) consume activities, activities consume resource costs. In practice, this means that resource costs are assigned to various activity centers by using resource drivers in the first stage. An activity center is composed of a group of related activities, usually defined by function or process. The group of resource drivers is the factor chosen to estimate the consumption of resources by the activities in the activity centers. Every type of resource assigned to an activity center becomes a cost element in an activity cost pool. And, in the second stage, each activity cost is distributed to cost objects by using a suitable activity driver to measure the consumption of activities by products or services (Turney, 1992). Then, the total cost can be calculated by adding the various acti vities costs to a specific product or service. And the total cost divided by the quantity of the product can acquire the unit cost of product. In our case, the inn provides three products, lodging, hot spring use and meal serving. We define five activity centers, namely the cleaning center, the customer service center, the reception center, the cooking and foodservice center and the management center. Each activity center is composed of related activities, clustered by their function. activity based costing. Figure 1 shows the proposed costing system for optimal performance of KPC farm. Adapted from Tsai and Hsu 2008 Budgeting The simplified Original and flexed budget for KPC farm are as follows, Original Budget Flexed Budget Egg Hen Egg Hen Output units 230000 8000 241637 8775 Sales Revenue 253000 4000 265800 4387.5 Raw material 59000 1000 61985 1096 Labour 27000 1000 28366 1096 Fixed Overheads 8000 600 8404 658 Operating Profit 159000 1400 167045 1537.5 Actual Sales Quantity Price Eggs Unit sold (dozen) 241637  £ 1.15  £ 277,882.57 Hens Unit 8775  £ 0.50  £ 4,387.50 Total  £ 282,270.07 Crops per bale 300  £ 22.00  £ 6,600.00 Total sales  £ 288,870.07 Growth rate of egg price 2% Declining rate 4% Revenue Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Revenues from eggs  £ 277,882.57  £ 283,440.22  £ 289,109.03  £ 294,891.21  £ 283,095.56  £ 271,771.74  £ 277,882.57 Revenues from hens  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50  £ 4,387.50 Revenues from crops  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00  £ 6,600.00 Total revenues  £ 288,870.07  £ 294,427.72  £ 300,096.53  £ 305,878.71  £ 294,083.06  £ 282,759.24  £ 288,870.07 COGS Hens  £ 27,000.00  £ 27,810.00  £ 28,644.30  £ 29,503.63  £ 30,388.74  £ 31,300.40  £ 32,239.41 Vaccination  £ 9,000.00  £ 9,270.00  £ 9,548.10  £ 9,834.54  £ 10,129.58  £ 10,433.47  £ 10,746.47 Food  £ 21,840.0  £ 22,495.2  £ 23,170.1  £ 23,865.2  £ 24,581.1  £ 25,318.5  £ 26,078.1 Hen waste removal  £ 1,600.00  £ 1,648.00  £ 1,697.44  £ 1,748.36  £ 1,800.81  £ 1,854.84  £ 1,910.48 Crops cost  £ 3,000.00  £ 3,090.00  £ 3,182.70  £ 3,278.18  £ 3,376.53  £ 3,477.82  £ 3,582.16 Total COGS  £ 62,440.0  £ 64,313.2  £ 66,242.6  £ 68,229.9  £ 70,276.8  £ 72,385.1  £ 74,556.6 Gross Profit  £ 226,430.1  £ 230,114.5  £ 233,853.9  £ 237,648.8  £ 223,806.3  £ 210,374.2  £ 214,313.4 Gross Profit Margine 78.4% 78.2% 77.9% 77.7% 76.1% 74.4% 74.2% GAdmin Salaries and wages  £29,120.0  £ 29,993.60  £ 30,893.41  £ 31,820.21  £ 32,774.82  £ 33,758.06  £ 34,770.80 Insurance  £ 3,000.00  £ 3,090.00  £ 3,182.70  £ 3,278.18  £ 3,376.53  £ 3,477.82  £ 3,582.16 Utilities  £ 4,200.00  £ 4,326.00  £ 4,455.78  £ 4,589.45  £ 4,727.14  £ 4,868.95  £ 5,015.02 Fuel  £ 2,400.00  £ 2,472.00  £ 2,546.16  £ 2,622.54  £ 2,701.22  £ 2,782.26  £ 2,865.73 Others  £ 5,000.00 Total GAdmin  £43,720.0  £39,881.6  £41,078.0  £42,310.4  £43,579.7  £44,887.1  £46,233.7 Operating Profit  £ 182,710.07  £ 190,232.92  £ 192,775.88  £ 195,338.45  £ 180,226.59  £ 165,487.07  £ 168,079.74 % of OP 63.25% 64.61% 64.24% 63.86% 61.28% 58.53% 58.19% Analysis on activity based costing and budgeting and evaluation of corrective action According to the survey by Stratton et.al (2009), managers consider that precise overhead allotment and action price data is missing in non- activity based costing methods, while activity based costing methods deal with these requirements. activity based costing methods improve top management anxiety regarding the accuracy of cost allocations, the cause-effect rapport between share and capital consumption, the relevance of cost/profit in sequence, and the ability to inform the arrangements. The considerable gap between present usage charges of activity based costing methods and their attractiveness in perfect systems may foretell amplified usage. Specifically, activity based costing methods provide greater hold up for financial, operational, and strategic decisions. activity based costing methods are better integrated into budget and planning processes. activity based costing methods support strategic product/customer emphasis verdict better than non- activity based costing meth ods. Thus activity based costing methods do indeed provide significant value to managers and the use of activity based costing provides companies with superior cost and profitability measurement systems (Stratton et.al 2009). This analysis clearly shows that the optimal method for KPC farm in costing is ABC and the flexible budgeting and variance analysis also will be effective by preparing in the ABC environment. The existing ABC literature has emphasized the difference in assignment of overhead under ABC and traditional costing for product costing purposes, and that product costs calculated under ABC provide a better basis for making pricing decisions (Mak and Roush 1998). Furthermore effective costing and budgeting in KPC farm could be possible by controlling the factors price variance, efficiency variance, budget variance and capacity variance. The variable activity cost could be controlled by analysing the price variance from the actual costs and flexible budget (actual quan tity) and analysing efficiency variance from flexible budget (standard quantity) and flexible budget (actual quantity). The variable fixed activity cost could be controlled by analysing the budget variance from the actual costs and budgeted activity spending and analysing capacity variance from budgeted activity usage and budgeted activity spending. Conclusion Over the past several years, consultants and practitioners have observed that activity based costing methods, which were developed to improve decision support and the accuracy of cost-and profit-measurement systems, are not yielding the desired results. The benefits of activity based costing include its use in making product decisions, such as pricing, design, and outsourcing. activity based costing is also useful for budgeting, performance evaluation, and planning. Customisation in the approach of ABC method and budgeting based on the firms nature could yield more positive results for the firms. References McLaney, E., and Atrill, P. 2008. Accounting an Introduction. FT Prentice Hall. Narong D. Activity-Based Costing and Management Solutions to Traditional Shortcomings of Cost Accounting. Cost Engineering [serial online]. August 2009;51(8):11-22. Available from: Business Source Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 28, 2010. STRATTON W, DESROCHES D, LAWSON R, HATCH T. 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